Abstracts of research articles should be translated from Arabic into English before being submitted for publication in Libyan academic journals. Because English publishing allows non-native speakers to gain international recognition (Duszak & Lewkowicz, 2008). This study aimed to identify the most typical errors made while translating the Arabic abstracts into English. For this purpose, a corpus of 33 translated abstracts of research articles (RA) were analyzed. They were extracted from 11 issues of the Journal of Gharyan University and were published from 2016 to 2021. The analytical frameworks developed by Popescu (2013) and Laio (2010) were adopted. A preliminary analysis was carried out to develop a new category of translation errors that is appropriate for the current corpus. The results revealed a large number of errors in the translated abstracts. They were translation, stylistic, and linguistic errors. It is suggested that the Journal of Gharyan University should devote more effort to evaluating and polishing the translated abstracts before publishing the articles. If they wish to obtain a worldwide reputation, they should also include translators on the journal's editorial board to translate the Arabic abstracts into English appropriately. 

Using Hyland’s (2000) model as a research tool and drawing on Hyland’s (2005a) model of metadiscourse, this article presents a pragmatic two-level rhetorical analysis of the constituent moves within research article abstracts. It specifically zeroes in on the identification and mapping of the most frequently used metadiscourse markers signifying these moves. The findings highlight that Libyan authors employ interactive markers more often than interactional ones. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis of metadiscourse indicate that transitions, endophoric markers, and frame markers emerge as the dominant interactive categories. In contrast, interactional metadiscourse is predominantly represented by attitude markers, hedges, and boosters. Based on the findings, Move 1 features the highest frequency of metadiscourse markers, followed by Move 2. Notably, transitions stand out as the most prevalent category across all moves. This study carries pedagogical implications for academic writing practices among Libyan academic writers and students alike. Moreover, it enhances the existing body of research on the genre of research articles.

This study attempts to identify the use of metadiscourse (MD) in the Libyan science lectures and investigate the lecturers’ perceptions towards the use of MD. Six audio-recorded lectures from the fields of chemistry, physics, and botany were selected in this study. To analyze this collected spoken data, Hyland’s (2005) analytical framework of metadiscourse has been used. The findings showed that interactive metadiscourse was used more than interactional metadiscourse. Among all the subcategories, transitions, engagements and code glosses were the most common markers. The absence and lack of some categories were remarkable as self-mention and evidentials. The results of this study may suggest that when teaching or learning a language, metadiscourse should be given special consideration by both language instructors and students.

Even though abstracts are short, they require a specific type and formal structure that is accepted by academic discourse communities (San & Tan, 2012). They are governed by a discipline's own conventions i.e. a series of moves that characterize the flow of the discourse and linguistic features. This study aims to identify the rhetorical moves and metadiscourse markers that are deployed in the abstracts of projects that were written by undergraduate students in the English department at the faculty of Arts/Gharyan University. The data consisted of 30 abstracts. Hyland's models (2000; 2005) were adopted in this study. The first model (2000) was used to analyze the rhetorical moves. The second one (2005) was employed to analyze the metadiscourse. The findings revealed that most of the abstracts did not consist of the five rhetorical moves. The introduction and purpose moves were prominent, while the method, result, conclusion, and structure (new move) moves were not prominent. The absence of some of the rhetorical moves in the English abstracts of undergraduate projects might make the project abstract unable to achieve its communicative purposes and will lead to difficulty for readers to understand the content of the abstract. For metadiscourse, the findings showed that interactive metadiscourse was deployed more than interactional metadiscourse. Among these two categories, transitions, frame markers, and endophoric were used more frequently.

Nowadays, the bulk of e-commerce is carried out in English. At the same time, however, the emergence and growth of Arab e-commerce has attracted attention from e-commerce giants, such as AliBaba and Amazon. Acquiring a deeper understanding of culture-specific advertising practices is thus quickly becoming necessary for digital advertisers and marketers seeking to tap into both English- and Arabic-speaking consumer markets. Despite this, little has been written on online advertising discourse within the particular contexts. To address this, the present study reports on a pragmatic two-level rhetorical analysis of the macro-structure of the sub-genre of online advertisements in English and Arabic and focuses on the identification of the persuasive linguistic features employed to signal constituent moves. Drawing upon Swales’ move-step model of rhetorical analysis, the exploration of a comparable corpus of 100 online advertisements of skin care products per language introduced new layers in the rhetorical organisation of [online] advertisements. The results revealed that English and Arabic advertisements consisted of both common and culture-specific rhetorical moves. The persuasive strategies employed common lexico-grammatical features at syntactic, semantic, and discoursal level, albeit to a different extent. Overall, the results of this study illustrate that online advertisements of skin care products could be considered as a particular sub-genre with context-specific macro- and micro-structures. Through the investigation of the specific datasets, this study expands upon the existing analytical frameworks used for the study of advertising discourse and adds to the intercultural exploration of the rhetorical structures and persuasive strategies used in online advertisements.

ملخص البحث :

في عام 8102 م ، تم تقديم منهج جديد للغة الإنجليزية يسمى القرن الحادي

والعشرين في ليبيا. وضعت وزارة التربية والتعليم خطة لتدريب المعلمين على

تطبيق هذا المنهج . حضر حوالي 011 مدرسا من مناطق مختلفة في ليبيا في العديد

من ورش عمل تدريب للمعلمين في تونس التي قدمتها Garnet Education ،

وبعد ذلك ، عاد المتدربون إلى ليبيا لتدريب معلمي مدارس اللغة الإنجليزية على

استخدام الاستراتيجيات والتقنيات التي تتوافق مع أهداف المنهج.

وقد تم استخدام منهج البحث النوعي لجمع البيانات في هذه الدراسة عن طريق

مقابلات شبه منظمة مع عشرة معلمين لغة إنجليزية. أظهرت النتائج أن معظم

المعلمين الذين شاركوا في الدراسة واجهوا تحديات في تدريس منهج اللغة

الإنجليزية الجديد حيث تضمنت هذه التحديات، عدم توفر الوسائل التعليمية، عدد

الطلبة الكبير داخل الفصل، وعدم دعم الأساليب الحديثة المتبعة في تدريس المنهج

الجديد من قبل إدارات المدارس والمفتشين

Due to the scientific research at present is considered one of the important and major functions performed by both faculty members and postgraduate students, in order to contribute to the dissemination of knowledge and solutions to the various problems facing the society, and also to the advancement of Libyan universities. This paper aims to identify the difficulties faced the students in the Libyan universities in scientific research from perspectives of faculty members and postgraduate students, and to know the difficulties that hinder the scientific research in these universities and work to confront them. In addition, the researchers used the SPSS method to reach the objectives of this paper. A questionnaire was distributed to faculty members and postgraduate students in order to obtain data that contribute to the objectives of this paper. This paper concluded that faculty members contribute to training students on scientific research, and there is cooperation between the supervisor and the student in relation to the thesis presented by students. Moreover, Libyan scientific journals publish the researches for students whose research terms meet all conditions of scientific research. Research recommended that work to training the postgraduate students on scientific research skills in what is related to all of his fields, as well as how to write, present and interpret results, proposals and recommendations, and establish a special and independent department for scientific publishing in Libyan universities

This paper aims to analyze mainstream technology and Internet-based learning and attempts to explore the possibilities of incorporating digital text into the curriculum. Where this paper came to answer two important questions namely how can technology increase reading comprehension skills and make readers more efficient in their L2? What is the position of teachers and students of English as a foreign language about the Internet application in the classroom?. This paper found that the reader can connect with the ideas and incorporate them into previously gained information; also, improving reading comprehension skills primarily requires motivation, mental frameworks for holding ideas, concentration and good study techniques. Moreover, Realizing and understanding the text is much more complex and practical than vocabulary familiarity Keywords: Online Reading, Comprehension, Expanding, Understanding. 

Peer assessment has attracted more attention an effective assessment tool in recent years. Peer assessment refers to the arrangement for peers to consider the quality of learning outcomes of others of similar status, it received attention of various studies due to the growing interest in the student centered approach as learners need to be involved in the learning process even in the assessment. This paper is a critical review of previous studies on peer assessment in English as Second/Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) context. Fifteen peer assessment studies from 2004 to 2017 were extensively reviewed and systematically analyzed. Peer assessment of the reviewed studies were on the quality of the writing outcomes of students in the EFL/ESL contexts, as writing skill occupies an important role in teaching English language. As a critical review paper of these studies, this paper highlights practical use of peer assessment and the important challenges or issues that need to be considered when utilizing peer assessment in the classroom. This paper hopes that practical measures of peer assessment will be utilized effectively by educators in the ESL and EFL classrooms in the near future.

This paper discusses the elements of popular culture in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It highlights how the novel reflects the social and cultural atmosphere of the 1920s in America, particularly the rise of materialism, the pursuit of pleasure, and the decline of moral values. Through its depiction of jazz music, fashion, parties, cars, and the obsession with wealth, the novel serves as a mirror of the Jazz Age. The study concludes that The Great Gatsby is not only a literary masterpiece but also a cultural document that captures the spirit of its time and the contradictions within the American Dream.